Preliminary Grasshopper Sparrow (GRSP) nocturnal flight call (nfc) activity detected at all stations. Call monitoring occured from half an hour after sunset to half an hour before sunrise. W. Evans checked whether automatic detections were correctly identified and removed false positives. Nfc activity is the sum of all incidences of a  GRSP detection that occurred at least one minute from another GRSP detection. In other words, calls occurring within one minute were tallied as one.